Abstract: The power consumption of underwater acoustic communication network nodes is one of the important factors that affect the life of network nodes. Aiming at the energy optimization problem of underwater acoustic communication network, an energy optimization method is proposed based on the nonlinear relationship between the transmission power and transmission distance of network nodes and combining the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. This method improves the network model. In the network operation, according to the changes in the number of surviving nodes and the remaining energy of the nodes, the information transmission path of each node is adaptively and dynamically optimized. Simulation results show that the proposed optimization method can effectively reduce the total power consumption of network nodes, postpone the death of the first node, slow down the death rate of nodes in the network, and thus slow down the rate of the effective coverage area of the network decreasing with the operation of the network.