Abstract: The measurement and assessment of the sonic boom on the ground surface caused by flying supersonic aircraft is an important approach to studying the problem related to the sonic boom. For the needs of large-area and high-precision measurements of sonic boom on ground surface, a flight test scheme using acoustic array is proposed and verified by flight test results. According to the sonic boom propagation characteristics in the atmosphere, the measurement layout and the distributed measuring system with an acoustic array as the core are designed. The flight path intercept procedure is presented for flight test run design to conduct the comprehensive measurements of sonic boom pressure, flight status, flight track and meteorological conditions. The flight test scheme is applied to measuring the sonic boom on ground surface of a certain fighter aircraft. The results show that the flight test scheme can measure the sonic boom and its related parameters reliably and feasibly under different flight status. The acoustic array designed based on ensemble-averaging technique improves the measurement accuracy of sonic boom in the stabilized flight state. The presented three types of microphone layouts for sonic boom measurements can evaluate the interference effect of ground on sonic boom propagation.