Abstract: Taking the peony for oil used in Pingliang of Gansu Province, as the raw material and the single factor experimental results as the research basis, the influencing factors such as ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction time, ultrasonic and microwave powers, temperature and solid-liquid ratio are tested. The experimental design scheme of the center group is applied to performing ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of peony seed oil with the yield of peony seed oil as the response value. The optimum extraction process is found:when petroleum ether is used as the extraction solvent, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:6-1:9 is selected, and irradiated with 400-800 W microwave at 30-50℃ for 6-8 minutes and oscillated at 480-560 W ultrasonic power for 10-20 minutes. The highest peony seed crude oil yield is 34%. Compared with microwave or ultrasonic extraction alone, the extraction time is shorter and the oil yield is higher.