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导叶对液力透平噪声影响的数值研究

Numerical study of the effect of guide vanes on hydraulic turbine noise

  • 摘要: 为研究导叶对离心泵作液力透平时内外声场的影响,以比转速为84.5的单级单吸离心泵反转作透平为研究对象。采用ANSYS Fluent数值模拟和声学边界元/有限元方法分别对离心泵作液力透平进行流场和声场计算。结果表明:在内声场方面,添加导叶对进口的声压级影响较大,在一阶叶频处,导叶对进口的声压级影响较大,在最优工况下声压级减小了1.2 dB,变化较为明显;对出口处的声压级影响较小,随着流量的增加,声压级的减小量逐渐缩小。在外声场方面,最大声压级出现在进口、出口、隔舌和底座附近,声压级云图呈现偶极子源特性,最优工况下的声压级降低较为明显;添加导叶后,外声场平面辐射值与原模型相比高声压级区域明显减小。文中的研究可以为今后降低液力透平噪声提供一定的理论参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to study the effect of the guide vane on the internal and external acoustic fields of a centrifugal pump operating in turbine mode, a single-stage, single-suction centrifugal pump with a specific speed of 84.5 is selected as the research object. ANSYS Fluent numerical simulation and the acoustic boundary element/finite element (ABEM/FEM) method are employed to calculate the flow field and sound field of the centrifugal pump operating as a hydraulic turbine, respectively. The results indicate that in the internal sound field, the addition of the guide vane has a greater influence on the sound pressure level at the inlet than at the outlet. At the first lobe frequency, the guide vane significantly affects the inlet sound pressure level, with the most noticeable reduction of 1.2 dB occurring under optimal operating conditions. The impact on the outlet is relatively smaller, and the reduction in sound pressure level gradually decreases as the flow rate increases. Regarding the external sound field, the maximum sound pressure levels occur near the inlet, outlet, tongue, and base. The sound pressure level distribution exhibits dipole source characteristics, and the reduction is more pronounced under optimal operating conditions. After adding the guide vane, the external sound field's plane radiation value is significantly reduced compared to the original model in areas with high sound pressure levels. This study provides theoretical references for future noise reduction efforts in hydraulic turbines.

     

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