Abstract: Ultrasound imaging, as a real-time and non-invasive imaging technique, has been widely applied in the medical field. Traditional ultrasound imaging primarily relies on converting ultrasound signals into B-mode images, which fails to fully exploit the rich acoustic characteristic information implied within the signals. Quantitative ultrasound imaging serves as a powerful complement to traditional techniques, retaining the intuitiveness of B-mode images while conducting quantitative analysis of the acoustic characteristics of tissues, achieving precise mapping of these characteristics on an absolute scale. The application of full waveform inversion (FWI) technology has brought revolutionary progress to quantitative ultrasound imaging. By comprehensively analyzing the entire ultrasound signal, this technology significantly enhances imaging accuracy. This article briefly introduces traditional ultrasound imaging techniques and then delves into the current state of research on quantitative ultrasound imaging based on FWI, providing a prospective outlook on future development directions.