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空间弯折声学超表面吸声性能研究

Study on sound absorption performance of spatial bending acoustics metasurface

  • 摘要: 针对中低频噪声控制问题,本文提出了一种由弯折通道和内嵌孔径复合的亚波长声学超表面。基于阻抗传递方法和热粘损耗理论构建了弯折声学超表面(Bending acoustic metasurface BAM)吸声系数理论计算模型,验证了BAM单元在亚波长尺度上的完美吸声性能。采用理论模型研究了厚度为12.00mm,边长为50.00mm,在488Hz处实现完美吸声的BAM单元,使用COMSOL有限元软件构建仿真模型验证了理论方法的准确性,并分析了BAM单元的完美吸声机理。研究结果表明,内嵌孔径的热粘效应和弯折通道局域共振效应消耗了部分入射声能,剩余声能量在孔径末端完成声波相干抵消,实现了完美吸声。通过优化设计BAM单元几何参数,实现了463Hz-597Hz宽频带范围的亚波长完美吸声弯折超表面设计,并且基于理论、仿真和实验验证了尺寸变化引起的过阻效应对完美吸声效果的影响。本文的研究为实现紧凑降噪环境的中低频噪声控制提供理论基础和方法,并为工程应用提供了参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to control mid- to low-frequency noise, a subwavelength acoustic metasurface composed of a bending channel and an embedded aperture is proposed. A theoretical calculation model of the bending acoustic metasurface (BAM) was constructed based on the impedance transfer method and the thermal viscosity loss theory, and the sound absorption coefficient of the BAM unit at the subwavelength scale is verified. A theoretical model is utilized to study a BAM unit with a thickness of 12.00 mm and a side length of 50.00 mm, which achieves perfect sound absorption at 488 Hz. The accuracy of the theoretical method is verified by constructing a simulation model using COMSOL finite element software, and the perfect sound absorption mechanism of the BAM unit is analyzed. The results show that part of the incident sound energy is consumed by the thermal viscosity effect of the embedded aperture and the local resonance effect of the curved channel, and the remaining sound energy is coherently offset at the end of the aperture, achieving perfect sound absorption. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the BAM unit, the design of a perfect subwavelength sound-absorbing bending metasurface operating in the wideband range of 463 Hz to 579 Hz is successfully realized. Based on theory, simulation, and experiment, the influence of the over-resistance effect caused by size changes on the perfect sound absorption effect is demonstrated. This study provides a theoretical basis and method for achieving mid- to low-frequency noise control in compact noise reduction environments and offers references for engineering applications.

     

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