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基于激振声学的定子槽楔松紧度故障诊断研究

Research on the Diagnosis of Stator Slot Wedge Tightness Condition Based on Vibro-Acoustics

  • 摘要: 传统发电机定子槽楔松紧度检测通过手动敲击与人工判断,存在依赖人工经验且易致工作疲劳的问题,为此,本文提出了一种基于激振声学的发电机定子槽楔松紧度故障检测方法。首先,利用自主研制的电磁激振装置敲击槽楔,采集相应状态的声音信号;然后,引入Teager能量算子以改进MFCC提取流程,构建了具有动态能量表征的MFCC、DT-MFCC及DTT-MFCC三类声学特征集,经类间可视化评估其区分效果后,拼接构建多维度联合特征TEO-MFCC作为故障特征;最后,利用卷积神经网络捕捉并提取TEO-MFCC中的局部特征,并采用长短期记忆网络完成槽楔松紧度故障诊断。实验结果表明,所提方法可精准诊断出定子槽楔松紧程度,诊断准确率达98.7%,较单一CNN或LSTM模型分别提升8.6和4.9个百分点,验证了该方法在复杂工况下进行槽楔松紧度故障诊断的有效性。本文研究为发电机定子槽楔松紧度的故障检测提供了有益参考。

     

    Abstract: The traditional method for detecting generator stator slot wedge tightness relies on manual tapping and subjective judgment, which suffers from heavy dependence on human experience and is prone to causing operator fatigue. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a fault detection method for generator stator slot wedge tightness based on multidimensional joint TEO-MFCC features and a hybrid CNN-LSTM model. First, sound signals corresponding to different wedge states are acquired by tapping the slot wedge using a self-developed electromagnetic excitation device. Second, the MFCC extraction process is enhanced by incorporating the Teager Energy Operator (TEO), and three acoustic feature sets—MFCC, delta-MFCC (DT-MFCC), and delta-delta-MFCC (DDT-MFCC)—are constructed to capture dynamic energy characteristics. These features are then concatenated to form the multidimensional joint TEO-MFCC representation, whose discriminative capability is validated via inter-class visualization. Third, the joint TEO-MFCC features are fed into a hybrid CNN-LSTM network: convolutional layers extract local temporal-spectral patterns, while the LSTM layer models long-range temporal dependencies to perform end-to-end fault diagnosis of wedge tightness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 98.7% in diagnosing stator slot wedge tightness—improving upon standalone CNN and LSTM baselines by 8.6% and 4.9%, respectively—thereby validating its effectiveness under complex operational conditions. This work provides a practical and reliable reference for intelligent fault detection of generator stator slot wedge tightness.

     

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