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基于机器学习的A柱风噪预测及其优化研究*

Research on Intelligent Prediction and Optimization of A-pillar Wind Noise Based on Machine Learning

  • 摘要: 针对风噪仿真耗时长、资源消耗高以及现有几何深度学习预测模型复杂、整车样本量大(107及以上)等问题,提出一种特征参数与机器学习相结合的风噪预测方法。以A柱为例,对其特征参数进行全面识别与分解,共识别出14项A柱特征参数,经验证可准确且唯一地复现A柱外造型,可用于工程风噪分析。以A柱特征参数为输入,以仿真得到的车内1/3倍频程频谱数据作为输出,对机器学习模型进行训练。结果表明,基于该方法可以较少的样本量(102),得到与仿真值误差较小的预测结果(R2≥99.47%),可用于汽车A柱风噪的预测。进一步采用多参数优化算法,实现工程约束条件下A柱风噪降低2.3%AI,最后结合灵敏度分析与设计经验给出了各关键参数设计建议。

     

    Abstract: In view of the fact that wind noise simulation is time-consuming and resource-intensive, and that the current intelligent prediction models—based on geometric deep learning—are overly complex and require large sample sizes (≥107), a wind noise prediction method combining characteristic parameters with machine learning was proposed. For the A-pillar, characteristic parameters were comprehensively identified and decomposed. A total of 14 characteristic parameters were selected; it was verified that these parameters uniquely and accurately reconstruct the external geometry of the A-pillar and are suitable for engineering wind noise analysis. These A-pillar characteristic parameters served as the input dataset, while the in-cabin 1/3-octave band sound pressure level spectra obtained from numerical simulations constituted the output dataset for training the machine learning model. Results show that the proposed method achieves highly accurate predictions relative to simulation benchmarks (R2 ≥ 99.47%) using only a small sample size (~102), making it applicable to automotive A-pillar wind noise prediction. Furthermore, a multi-parameter optimization algorithm was employed to achieve a 2.3% reduction in A-pillar wind noise (measured as AI—Articulation Index—or equivalent loudness metric) under realistic engineering constraints. Finally, design recommendations for key parameters were provided based on sensitivity analysis and practical engineering experience.

     

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