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基于小型相控阵的流速检测系统

Flow velocity detection system based on a compact phased array

  • 摘要: 针对传统声学多普勒流速测量设备(ADCP)在小型狭窄空间体积较大、成本较高、波束方向固定且难以实现局部流场精细检测的问题,本文旨在开发一种低成本的基于小型化环形相控阵的可偏转扫描流速检测系统。系统采用由8个均匀分布在圆周上的阵元组成的平面环形阵列,通过优化阵列布局与工作频率,实现声束在30 cm深度附近的聚焦及±20°范围的灵活偏转。系统利用自主设计的FPGA硬件平台,结合距离门控、I/Q解调及PWUD算法对多普勒回波进行精细化处理。系统配合150 μm示踪粒子在30 cm深度处能形成显著汇聚焦斑;在0°偏转角下,迎流测量流速均值为0.149 m/s(参考平均流速值为0.163 m/s),参考平均误差为8.5%;背流测量流速绝对值均值为0.154 m/s,参考平均误差仅为5.5%。在20°偏转聚焦条件下,也能保持所测得流速在参考平均误差10.4%左右。研究结果表明,该小型化系统在较小阵列尺寸和相对简化的硬件条件下,实现了局部聚焦测速与一定范围内的电子偏转扫描,为狭小空间内复杂流场的局部测量提供了一种可行方案。

     

    Abstract: To address the limitations of conventional acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in small and confined spaces—namely, their large physical size, high cost, fixed beam orientation, and limited capability for local flow field measurements—this work presents a low-cost, compact, ring-shaped phased-array flow measurement system with electronically steerable beams. The system employs a planar ring array consisting of eight transducer elements uniformly distributed along the circumference. By optimizing the array layout and operating frequency, the array achieves beam focusing at a depth of approximately 30 cm with an electronic steering range of ±20°. The system integrates a custom-designed FPGA platform featuring range-gated sampling, digital I/Q demodulation, and pulse-wave Doppler (PWD) processing to extract local Doppler velocity signals. Experiments conducted with 150-μm tracer particles at a depth of 30 cm demonstrate the formation of a distinct focal spot. Under 0° steering, the mean upstream flow velocity is 0.149 m/s (compared to a reference value of 0.163 m/s), corresponding to a relative error of 8.5%. For downstream measurements, the mean absolute velocity is 0.154 m/s, with the relative error reduced to 5.5%. Even under 20° beam deflection (focusing condition), the measured flow velocity exhibits a relative error of approximately 10.4%. These results demonstrate that, despite its compact array size and relatively simplified hardware configuration, the system enables localized beam focusing and electronic beam steering—providing a feasible solution for local flow field measurement in constrained spaces.

     

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