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房间内早期反射声方向分布的声强法测量

Measurement with sound intensity for directional distribution of early reflections in rooms

  • 摘要: 早期反射声的方向分布,对空间感音质参量的评价具有重要意义。室内音质不仅与反射声到达的时间、能量有关,而且与反射声到达的方向特性具有密切的关系,反映反射声方向特性的客观音质参量在音质评价中得到了越来越多的应用。根据声强测量的互谱法原理,论文提出采用不在同一平面上的任意四只传声器进行瞬时声强的测量,经合成得到各频带早期反射声方向分布特性的方法。该测量方法弱化了常规传声器阵列测试方法中对传输器位置的严格要求,同时也可有效降低由于传输器之间的相位不匹配带来的测量误差,因而更适合于现场测量。运用该测量方法,在消声中对单入射声条件下的入射方向进行了实验测量验证,表明其具有较高的准确性,同时对一实际房间中早期反射声的方向分布进行了测量,给出了直角坐标系中三个相互垂直平面上的反射声能量与入射方向的分布图。测量结果表明该测试方法可应用于实际房间中早期反射声方向分布的测量。

     

    Abstract: In recent years, spatial impression has received considerable attention in room acoustics, especially in relation to sound quality. Several objective indicators related to spatial impression have been proposed to evaluate acoustic quality in auditoria. To quantify these indicators, the strength and directional distribution of early reflections in the time domain needs to be investigated. The objective of the present work is to develop a measurement system to estimate the direction of early reflections in an enclosure. A method is employed based on transient sound intensity measurement by four arbitrarily configured microphones, which are not placed on the same plane. This approach simplifies the geometric configuration of microphones, therefore facilitates in-situ measurement. The measurement system developed with this method is validated in an experiment carried out in an anechoic chamber while estimating the direction of single incident sound. An example using this method to measure directional distribution of early reflections in a room is also presented.

     

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