Abstract: The small passive detection nodes are widely used in the underwater acoustic area due to low cost,easily emplacing and so on.The present passive localization techniques in this condition have the disadvantages of low accuracy,bad angle resolution etc.To solve the problems of fast accuracy target localization and multi-target resolution for small aperture array,this paper proposes a binaural high resolution fast localization method for low frequency sources based on combining the localization process of human auditory system for low frequency sound sources with high ac-curacy time-delay estimation.By theoretical analysis and the processing of simulated data and lake-experiment data,it is proved that this method can quickly and accurately estimate multi-target directions at low sampling frequency for small aperture array,and it can also get the frequency information of targets,which can be used to distinguish the different sources in the same direction.