Abstract: This paper proposes an optimized design of the acquisition control circuit for acoustic logging while drilling tool by analyzing the requirements in high temperature, high pressure, great noise interference and narrow space. This system is totally operated by DSP, and the FPGA on board plays a role of a bridge between signal transmission and interface conversion. Therefore, the peripheral chips, such as ADC and NAND FLASH, can communicate with the DSP to realize the functions of acquisition, control, storage and so on. This design highlights the advantage of data processing by DSP, and fully uses the characteristics of temporal precision and various interfaces by FPGA. As a result, the control precision is highly improved. Through the test of PC software, this optimally designed circuit obtains satisfying results, which gives a technical reference for practical acoustic logging while drilling.